Brake mechanism



Nov.- 21, 1939. s. BONZACK BRAKE MECHANISM Filed May 10, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INV EN TOR I STANLEY BONZACK irfiffiam W ATTORNEYS Nov. 21, 1939. s. BONZACK 2.181.008

BRAKE MECHANI SM Filed May 10, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 IIIJIII m WIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII.

INVENTOR STANLEY 'BONZACK.

ATTORNEYS Nov. 21, 1939. s. 'YBONZACK 2,181,008

BRAKE MECHANISM Filed May 10, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 iii-xi FIG. l0.

INVENTOR 59 *S1=ANLEY BONZACK ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 21, 1939 UNITED STATES PAT NT OFFICE" f BRAKE MECHANISM a v 7 Stanley Bonzack, Detroit; Mich assignor to Kelsey- Hayes Wheel Com pany, Detroit, Mich a corporation of Delaware Application May 10, 1937, Serial No. 141,827

27 Claims. (01. 188-264) This invention relates generally to brake mechanism and refers more particularly to improved means'for cooling the brake mechanism.

One of the principal objects of the present invention resides in the provision of brake mechanism comprising a brake drum having means effective uponrotation of the drum to cool the brake flange by directing air against a portion of the latter.

"" Another advantageous feature of the present invention resides in the provision of means rev oluble with the brake drum and constructed to effect a circulation of air through the brake vdrum across the brake friction means to effective "1y cool both the" friction means and the brake A further object of this'invention resides inthe provision of 'a brake drum having means eifective upon rotation of the drum to draw air" axially through the'drum across the brake friction means and to direct air against the free edge portion of invention resides in the provision of a brake drum having openings through the web portion thereof for the passage of air into the drum and having means responsive to rotation of the drum in a forward direction to scoop air into the openings.

In addition to the foregoing, the present -invention contemplates a brake drum having a cast brake flange and having means integral with the brake flange for effecting a circulation of air 45 in proximity to the free edge of the brake flange to effectively cool the latter. I The foregoing, as well as other objects, will be made more apparent as this description proceeds, especially when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:"

Figure 1 is a rear elevational view of a brake drum" constructed in accordance with this invention; s V .Hi 55 Figure? is a cross'sectional iew taken suband, as a consequence, bellpreceding paragraph brake linings ll I i faceof-the annular brake flange I2.

stantially on the plane indicated b the mm 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figurefi is a rear elevational view of a modified form of brake drum;

Figure 4 is a, fragmentary elevational view of the construction shown in Figure 3;

Figure 5mis'a cross sectional view taken substantially on the plane indicated'by the line 5-5 of Figure 3;

Figure 6 isa'rear elevation of another embodiment' of this invention having certain parts broken away for the sake of clearness; Figure 7 is a cross sectional view taken on the plane indicated by the line 'i-'l of Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a rear elevational view of a furtherembodiment of this invention having certain parts broken away for the sake of cle'arnss'; Figure 9 is a fragmentary, plan .view of the construction-shown in Figure 8; r Figure 10 is,;a cross sectional view taken sub- 20 stantially onthe plane indicated by the line 0-10 of Figure 8; r V Figure'll is a fragmentary sectional view of a I brake drum showing still a further modification of the present invention; "1

Figure 12, is .a detailed sectional view of the construction shown inFigure 11;.

Figure 13 is a fragmentary cross sectional View 7 througha brake drum'illustrating a further modification of this invention; and .7

Figure'14 'is a fragmentary elevational view of the construction shown'in Figure l3. g

Referring first tofthe'embodimlmt of the invention illustrated'in Figures 1 and 2, it will be noted that the brake drum typeihaving'asheet metal web II I and-having a brake engaging flange 12 cast integral with the periphery of the web I l. Intaccordance with coniientionalpract'ice, the open side of the brake drum is closed by abacking 'platel3 non-rotat- 40 5 ably" supported with respect'to the b rake drum l0 and carryingthe brake friction means |4.-.

Although the brake'friction means I4 may be of t any'fsuitable construction insofar as the'p fiscnt.

invention; is concerned, the same is shown herein 5 as 'compri'sing'ftwo brake shoes/l5 and It having 1' engag'eable with the inner sur- Upon reference to Figure 2, it will be noted that a dust shield I8 is provided to prevent the entrance'of foreign matter into the brake drum through the'space occurring between the periph-i v, eral 1 edge, of the backing plate l3 and the. a e

edge; of lthebrake fiangel2. ,In thepresent. in-w stance, the dust shield is formed of sheet metal I0 is of the composite 35 and is welded, or otherwise permanently secured, to the outer surface of the backing plate I3 adjacent the periphery of the latter. The shield I8 is shown in Figure 2 as extending radially outwardly beyond the periphery of the backing plate l3 and as having an axially forwardly annular flange I9 overlying the radially outwardly extending reinforcing rib 29 at the free edge of the brake flange I2. It will also be noted from 10 the above figure that the peripheral portion of the backing plate I3 radially outwardly beyond the point of securement of the dust shield with the backing plate is flared forwardly and cooperates with the dust shield I8 to form an annular recess 2 I. Any moisture or dirt entering the dust shield is collected by the recess 2| and is permitted to drain out of the latter through openings 22 formed in the dust shield at circumferentially spaced points adjacent the bottom of the recess 2|.

In accordance with the present invention, the peripheral portion of the web I immediately adjacent the brake flange I2 is formed with a plurality of circumferentially spaced openings 24 25 therethrough, and provision is made for drawing air into the brake drum through these openings. As illustrated by the arrows in Figure 2, the air passing through the openings 24 is drawn across the brake friction means I4 and is discharged from the drum through the annular space 25 between the periphery of the backing plate I3 and the free edge of the brake flange I2. The air passing through the space 25 is directed by the dust shield I8 through the annular space 26 provided between the periphery of the rib 20 and the adjacent inner surface of the overlying peripheral flange I9 on the dust shield. It will, of course, be understood that as the air flows through the restricted annular space 26, the same comes into direct contact with the reinforcing rib 20 and thereby effectively cools the latter. As a consequence, any tendency for'the free end of the brake flange I2 to expand due to heat is minimized and a true cylindrical braking surface is provided at all times.

In the present embodiment of the invention, circulation of air inthe above manner is effected by means of a fan 28 positioned at the rear side of the brake flange I2 and having a forwardly extending annular flange 29 cast into the free or rear edge of the brake flange l2. In this connection, it will be noted that the annular flange 29 is formed with circumferentially spaced openings 3!] therethroughto provide an interlocking connection between the flange 29 and the brake flange I2. The portion of the fan project: ing rearwardly from the free edge of the brake flange I2 is formed with circumferentially spaced radially inwardly depressed portions 3| to provide blades 32 between adjacent depressed portions and the latter are apertured, as at 33, to permit the passage of air radially through the fan. It follows from the above that the fan is so constructed as to have a suction effect upon rotation of the brake drum I0, and this suction effect causes the circulation of air previously set forth. In other words, the suction effect of the fan draws air into the openings 24 in the web II of the brake drum across the brake friction means I4 and into the dust shield I8 through the space 25. As the air is discharged through the space 25, it passes radially outwardly through the fan and through the space 26 into contact with the reinforcing rib 29 at the free edge of the brake flange I2. It will, of course, be understood that air is drawn into the dust shield l8 through the openings 22, and this air mixes with the air entering the dust shield through the space 25 to supplement the same. As a result, the temperature within the brake drum is not only minimized, but the brake flange is maintained relatively cool, which is advantageous in that it reduces deformation of the cylindrical braking surface by heat.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 3 to 5, inclusive, differs from the foregoing modification principally in the construction and location of the fan 35. In the present embodiment, the radially outwardly extending reinforcing rib 20 in the first described form of the invention is eliminated from the rear edge of the brake flange I2 and the fan 35 encircles the rear end of this latter flange. In the present instance, the fan 35 comprises a radially outwardly extending annular flange 36 having the radially inner edge cast integral with the brake flange I2 at the free, or rear edge, of the latter and having an axially forwardly extending annular flange 31 encircling the brake flange in spaced relation thereto. The flange 31 has circumferentially spaced triangular portions 38 stamped radially inwardly therefrom to form correspondingly shaped blades 39 and to provide openings 40 through the flange 31 for the passage of air.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 3 to 5, inclusive, also comprises a dust shield 4| similar to the dust shield I8, with the exception that the forwardly extending periph eral flange 42 thereof overlies the rear end portion of the flange 31 and forms with the latter an annular air passage 43.

With the above construction, it will be noted that the fan 35 is effective upon rotation of the drum to draw air radially inwardly through the openings 4|) in the flange 31 against the exterior surface of the brake flange I2 As the air flows radially inwardly through the openings 40 in the annular flange 31, it passes the'annular space 43 and creates a suction in the space or chamber 44 suflicient to draw air through the openings 24 in the web of the brake drum, across the brake friction means I4 into the chamber 44 through the annular space 25 existing between the peripheral edge of the backing plate I3 and the rear edge of the brake flange IZ Attention is also directed to the fact that the dust shield 4| is formed with a plurality of circumferentially spaced drain openings 22*, and that the fan blades 39 will serve to draw a certain amount of air through the openings 22 into the chamber 44. This air co-mingles with the air discharged from the annular space 25 and supplements the latter. It follows, therefore, that the present embodiment of the invention also reduces the temper ature within the brake drum and effectively cools the brake flange to prevent undue expansion of the latter by heat.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, a plurality of circumferentially spaced fan blades 50 are cast integral on the rear edge of the annular brake flange [2 of the brake drum. These blades extend axially rearwardly from the edge of the brake flange I? and are obliquely arranged to draw air into the openings 24 in the web II of the brake drum across the brake friction means I4 through the brake flange I2 As will be observed from Figdially outwardly extending reinforcingrib 58 on of the brake flange I2,

"designated in Figures 8 lire "7, a dust shield 5| is permanently secured to the backing plate I3 "and"'is"provided"with"an" overlying axially forwardly "extending flange 52 the fan blades 50. Hence, the dust shield forms,

in'efiect, a chamber 53'aroundthe fan blades 50, and the air discharged'into the chamber through is "directed axially forwardlythe" passage 25 I through the annular space provided between the flange 52 on'the' dust shield and the rear drawn through these drain openings by the fan blades 50 to supplement the" air circulated through the brake drum. e

In the construction shown in Figures 9 andIO, the fan blades 57 are cast integral with the rathe rear edge portion' a and these blades extend axially forwardly from the front side of the annular rib 58. The forward direction of rotation of the brake drum is and 9 bythe arrow 59', and the blades 5? are shaped to direct air radially inwardly against the brake flange l2 to cool the later. In detail, 'itwill be noted from Figure 10 that the top edges 59 of the blades 51' extend axially forwardly from the periphery of the rib 58 and terminate in a radiallyrearwardly inclined portion Ell connected into the brake flange l2 at the base of the rib 58. As shown in Figure 9, the blades are inclined from the rib 58 in a direction opposite the direction of rotation indicated by the arrows 59, and this top surface is connected 'tothe rib by means of a rearwardly extending portion 6!. The construction of the blades is shown in Figure 8 as being predetermined to form a pocket 62 facing the direction of forward rotation of the brake drum and having a radially inner surface 63 inclined to direct air against the brake flange |2.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 differs from the modification of the invention disclosed in Figures 1 and 2 in that a filter I0 is associated with each of the openings 24 in the web li of the brake drum to prevent dirt, or other foreign matter, from be ing drawn into the brake drum by the fan means 28 on the free edge of the brake drum. The filtering means i0 is secured in place by a retainer H preferably formed of sheet metal and riveted,

or otherwise permanently secured, to the inner.

surface of the web of the brake drum in the manner shown in Figure 12. It will, of course, be understood that the filter arrangement may be employed in connection with any one of the foregoing embodiments of the invention disclosing openings through the web of the brake drum for the passage of air into the drum.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 differs from the onepreviously described in that the retainer 12 is cast with the 'web I i integral with the brake flange I2 and the web is formed with suitable scoops 13 facing the direction of forward rotation of the brake drum to collect air and direct the same into the brake drum through the openings in the web H The scoops 13 are formed by severing the sheet metal web points and pressing the portions of the web I I outwardly adjacent the severed portions to provide a pocket having the open end facing the 'Thisair is directed cool the latter. f It H at circumferentially spaced.

brake drum and is withdrawn from the brake drum by the fa'n means 28.

this invention.

diredmn Of mt 'tiqn: Wi he i ra ent. a substantial volume of air is directed into; the I,

e V w in the same .manner as' described inconnection with the first form of Although several difierentembodiments of the invention have' been described in detail herein, neverthelessit will be noted that each embodiment'contemplates fan means east integral with the brake flange of a brake drum insuch a position as to cause a circulation of air against a portion of the brake flange during rotationof the brake drum. Also; in each instance, the air is more or less concentrated adjacent the free or rear edge portion of the brake flange to insure maintaining this portion sufficiently cool to prevent bellmouthing of the brake drum by excessive heat. It will further be apparent that in certain of the embodiments of the invention provision is "made for filtering the air entering the brake drum through the web of the latter, and it will.

also be observed that in the last embodiment of the invention DrQvision is made for actually scooping air into the brake drum as the latter is rotated in a forward direction. The scooping means may or may not be employed in connection with the fan means on the brake drum and j member reservation is made to make such changes in this or any of the other modifications that may come within the purview of the accompanying claims.

What I claimv as my invention is:

1. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having an annular brake flange, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced fan blades rotatable as a unit with the drum and located axiallybeyond the free edge portion of the brake flange. to direct air against the free edge portion of the brake flange.

2. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web provided with openings therethrough and having an annular brake flange extending axially from the periphery of the web, and means carried by the brake drum at the free edge of the brake flange and effeotive'upon rotation of the latter to draw air into the drum through the openings in the web and to discharge the air against the free edge of the brake flange.

3. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having an annular brake flange, and circumferentially spaced fan blades permanently secured to and extending axially beyond the free edge of the annular brake flange to direct air against said flange. v

4. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a cast annular brake flange, and means cast integral with the free edge of the brake flange and effective upon rotation of the brake drum to direct air against said flange.

5. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web and having-an annular brake flange extending axially from the periphery of the web, said brake, flange provided with a radially outwardly extending reinforcing rib, and means iii:

the brake flange for rotation therewith as a unit and effective to direct air against said reinforcing rib.

6. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web and having an annularflcast brake flange extending axially from the web, and a cast integral with the flange adjacent the free edge thereof and having a plurality of whenstern m? sewa e 9 th irr at direct air against the free edge portion of' the flange.

'7. In brake mechanism, a revoluble'brake drum having a cast annular brake flange, and a sheet ,-,metal member cast integral with the free edge of the brake flange and having a portion spaced radially outwardly from the brake flange provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced blades effective upon rotation of the brake drum gtO direct air against said brake flange.

8. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having'a web and having a cast annular brake flange extending axially from the web, a sheet metal member cast into the free edge of the brake flange and having an annular portion extending axially from the brake flange, said sheet metal member having circumferentially spaced apertured depressed portions and having blades between the depressed portions effective upon rotation of the drum to cause a circulation of air, and means cooperating with said blades to direct the air against the free edge portion of the brake flange.

9. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web and having an annular flange extending axially from the periphery of the web, a member permanently secured to the free edge of the brake flange and having an annular portion extending axially from said edge, said portion provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced fan blades creating a circulation of air upon rotation of the drum, and means cooperating with said annular portion of the member to direct the air against said brake flange.

10. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web provided with openings therethrough and-having an annular brake flange extending axially from the periphery of the web, a backing plate for the open end of the brake drum providing an annular space between the free edge of the brake flange and the periphery of said backing plate, a dust shield for said annular space secured to the backing plate and having a portion overlying the free edge of the brake flange in radial spaced relation thereto, and means carried by the brake drum at the free edge of the brake flange and effective upon rotation of the latter to draw air into the drum through the openings in said web and to effect 50 p3, discharge of the air through the annular spaces provided at the periphery of the backing plate and at the periphery of the dust shield.

11. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web and having an annular flange extending axially from the periphery of the web, a backing plate for the open end of the drum having the periphery thereof spaced from the free edge of the brake flange to provide an annular passage, a dust shield secured to the backing plate and extending radially outwardly from the periphery of the backing plate beyond the free edge of the brake flange, said dust shield having a peripheral portion overlying the free edge of the brake flange in spaced relation thereto to form a second annular passage, and means at the free edge of the brake flan e effective upon rotation of the drum to draw air into the space defined by the dust shield and to discharge this air through the annular space provided between the peripheral portion of the dust shield and the free edge of the brake flange.

12. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web and having an annular brake flange extending axially from the periphery of the web, a dust shield for the open end of the brake drum ositioned axially beyond the free" edge of the brake flange and extending radially outwardlyfrom the brake flange, said dust shield having a peripheral portion overlying the free edge of the brake flange in spaced relation to the latter to provide a passage for air and having openings therethrough, and means effective upon rotation of the brake drum to draw air through said openings and to discharge this air through the passage provided at the peripheral portion aforesaid of the dust shield.

13. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web and having an annular brake flange, extending axially from the periphery of the web, a backing plate at the open side of the drum and having the periphery thereof spaced from the free edge of the brake flange to form an annular passage, a dust shield secured to the backing plate in axial spaced relationship to the free edge of the brake flange and extending radially outwardly from the free edge of the brake flange, said dust shield having a peripheral portion overlying the free edge of the brake flange and providing an annular passage for air, and means revoluble with the brake drum and effective to draw air from the interior of the brake drum through the annular passage provided at the periphery of the backing plate and to discharge this air through the annular passage provided at the periphery of the dust shield.

14. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web provided with openings therethrough and having an annular brake flange extending axially from the periphery of the web, a backing plate at the open side of the brake drum and having the periphery thereof spaced from the free edge of the brake flange to form an annular passage, a dust shield secured to the backing plate and extending radially outwardly beyond the free edge of the brake flange in axial spaced relation to said edge, said dust shield having a peripheral portion overlying the free edge of the brake flange providing a passage for air, and a fan at the free edge of the brake drum revoluble with the latter and predeterminedlypositioned to draw air into the brake drum through the openings in the web and to discharge the air through the annular passage at the periphery of the backing plate around the free edge of the brake flange and through the annular passage at the periphery of the dust shield.

15. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having an annular brake flange, an annular member secured to the free edge of the brake flange and extending radially outwardly from the latter, said member having an axially extending portion at the periphery thereof provided with openings therethrough and having circumferentially spaced fan blades effective upon rotation of the drum to draw air through the openings into engagement with the brake flange.

16. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having an annular brake flange, an annular member secured to the brake flange adjacent the free edge thereof and extending radially outwardly from the brake flange, said annular member having an axially extending annular flange at the periphery thereof provided with circumferentially spaced openings therethrough and having fan blades eflfective upon rotation of the drum to draw air through the openings toward the brake flange, and means cooperating with'the annular member to form a passage communicating with the interior of the brake drum and predeterminedly positioned with respect to the path of travel of the air through the openings in the axially extending portion of the member to create a suction eflect in the passage by the air drawn through the openings by the fan blades.

1'7. lln brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having an opening through a portion thereof for the passage of air into the drum, means carried by the drum for filtering the air entering the drum through said opening, and means effective upon rotation of the drum in one direction to scoop air through said opening into the drum.

18. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web portion provided with openings therethrough adjacent the periphery thereof for the passage of air into the drum, means efiective upon rotation of the drum in one direction to direct air through the openings, and means also effective upon rotation of the drum in said direction to draw air through said openings.

19'. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web provided with openings therethrough adjacent the periphery thereof and having a brake flange extending axially from the periphery of the web, means carried by the drum at the free edge of the brake flange and effective upon rotation of the drum in one direction to draw air into the drum through said openings in the web, and means for filtering the air passing throughsaid openings.

20. In' brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web provided with openings therethrough adjacent the periphery thereof and having an annular cast brake flange extending axially from the web, means effective upon rotation of the drum in one direction to cause air to flow through the openings into the drum, a filtering material associated with the openings to filter the air flowing through said openings into the drum, and a retainer for the filtering material cast integral with the brake flange.

21. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having an annular cast brake flange, a web for the drum cast integral with the flange and having an opening therethrough for the passage of air into the drum, filtering material associated with the opening to filter the air passing through the opening into the drum, and a retainer for the filtering material cast with said web integral with the brake flange.

22. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum provided with a web having circumferentially spaced portions adjacent the periphery thereof displaced axially outwardly and apertured to provide for the flow of air into the drum upon rotation of the latter in one direction, and means for filtering the air passing into the drum through said openings.

23. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web provided with openings therethrough and having an annular brake flange extending axially from the periphery of the web,

and projections spaced from each other-circumferentially of the brake flange and extending axially from the free edge of the flange to cooperate with each other upon rotation of the brake drum to draw air into the drum through said openings.

24. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web and having a cast annular brake flange extending axially from the web, a sheet metal member cast into the brake flange and having an annular portion extending axially from the brake flange, said sheet metal member having circumferentially spaced depressed portions providingblades efiective upon rotation of the drum to cause a circulation of air, and means cooperating with the blades to direct the air against the brake flange.

25. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web provided with openings therethrough and having an annular brake flange extending axially from the periphery of the web, closure means for the open end of the brake drum having a portion overlying the free edgeofthe brake flange and cooperating with the brake flange to form an annular space, and means carried by the brake drum at the free edge of the brake flange and effective upon rotation of the latter to draw air into the drum through the openings in said web and to discharge the air through said annular space against the brake flange.

26. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web provided with openings therethrough and having an annular brake flange extending axially from the periphery of the Web, closure means for the open end of the drum having a portion cooperating with the free edge portion of the brake flange to form an annular space and having an axially extending portion overlying the free edge portion of the brake flange providing an additional annular space, and means located between the annular spaces aforesaid and eifective upon rotation of the drum to draw air through the opening in the web of the brake drum and'through the first mentioned annular space and to discharge the air through the second mentioned annular space against the exterior surface of the brake flange.

27. In brake mechanism, a revoluble brake drum having a web: provided with openings there through and having anannular brake flange extending axially from the web, closure means for the open end of the brake drum forming an annular chamber axially beyond the free edge of the brake flange, said chamber having th'e radially outer wall extending axially of the brake flange and overlyingthe free edge portion of said flange, and means rotatable with the brake drum within said chamber and eflective to draw air through the drum from the openings in the web into the chamber and to discharge the air from the chamber against the exterior surface of the brake flange.

STANLEY BONZACK- 

